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A gear pump is a type of positive displacement pump that moves fluids by using meshing gears to transfer liquid. It is commonly used for pumping oils, fuels, and other viscous fluids. Types of Gear Pumps External Gear Pump – Uses two identical gears (driven and driving) to move fluid around the outside of the gears. Internal Gear Pump – Has a larger outer gear with an internal gear rotating inside it, creating fluid movement. Working Principle As the gears rotate, they create expanding cavities on the suction side, drawing fluid in. The fluid is then carried around the outside of the gears within the casing. When the gears mesh again on the discharge side, the fluid is pushed out under pressure.